{"id":72,"date":"2021-03-31T22:45:46","date_gmt":"2021-03-31T14:45:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wayln.com\/?p=72"},"modified":"2021-04-01T09:13:47","modified_gmt":"2021-04-01T01:13:47","slug":"centos8-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wayln.com\/?p=72","title":{"rendered":"CentOS8 \u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_transparent no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">Contents<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#CentOS8\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">1<\/span> \u4e00\u3001CentOS8 \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CentOS8-2\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">2<\/span> \u4e8c\u3001CentOS8 \u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#etc\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_2\">2.1<\/span> etc \u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#proc\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_2\">2.2<\/span> proc \u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#usr\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_2\">2.3<\/span> usr \u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#var\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_2\">2.4<\/span> var \u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#i\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">3<\/span> \u4e09\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h1><span id=\"CentOS8\">\u4e00\u3001CentOS8 \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/h1>\n<ol>\n<li>bin\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u666e\u901a\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>etc\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>lib\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u6807\u51c6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e93\uff0c\u53c8\u53eb\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3cwindows\u91cc\u7684.dll\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>media\u00a0\/\/\u6302\u8f7d\u5149\u76d8\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>opt\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a7a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u6216\u8005\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc<\/li>\n<li>root\u00a0\/\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>sbin\u00a0\/\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>sys\u00a0\/\/\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>usr \/\/\u6700\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>boot\u00a0\/\/\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668(bootstrap loader)\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>dev\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u8bbe\u5907\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li>home\u00a0\/\/\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>lib64\u00a0\/\/\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>mnt\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a7a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>proc\u00a0\/\/\u865a\u62df\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>run\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5728\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5.pid\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/li>\n<li>srv\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>tmp\u00a0\/\/\u516c\u7528\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u70b9<\/li>\n<li>var \/\/\u67d0\u4e9b\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6ea2\u51fa\u533a\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<br \/>\n<h1><span id=\"CentOS8-2\">\u4e8c\u3001CentOS8 \u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><span id=\"etc\">etc \u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\/etc<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/rc, \/etc\/rc.d, \/etc\/rc*.d \/\/\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u811a- \u672c\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/passwd\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u57df\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/fstab\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u542f\u52a8\u65f6mount -a\u547d\u4ee4(\u5728\/etc\/rc \u6216\u7b49\u6548\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d)\u81ea\u52a8mount\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/group \/\/\u7c7b\u4f3c\/etc\/passwd \uff0c\u4f46\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6237\u800c\u662f\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/inittab\u00a0\u00a0\/\/init \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/issue\u00a0\u00a0\/\/getty \u5728\u767b\u5f55\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u524d\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f.\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u77ed\u8bf4\u660e\u6216\u6b22\u8fce\u4fe1\u606f.\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u786e\u5b9a<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/motd\u00a0\u00a0\/\/Message Of The Day\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u8f93\u51fa.\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u786e\u5b9a.\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u8ba1\u5212\u5173\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8b66\u544a<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/mtab\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u5f53\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5217\u8868.\u7531scripts\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u7531mount \u547d\u4ee4\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0.\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/shadow\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6.\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\/etc\/passwd \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u53e3\u4ee4\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\/etc\/shadow<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/login.defs\u00a0\u00a0\/\/login \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/printcap\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u7c7b\u4f3c\/etc\/termcap \uff0c\u4f46\u9488\u5bf9\u6253\u5370\u673a.\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/profile , \/etc\/csh.login , \/etc\/csh.cshrc\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u767b\u5f55\u6216\u542f\u52a8\u65f6Bourne\u6216C\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6.\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u5c40\u7f3a\u7701\u73af\u5883<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/securetty\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u786e\u8ba4\u5b89\u5168\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd(\u81f3\u5c11\u5f88\u56f0\u96be)\u901a\u8fc7modem\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u95ef\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7279\u6743<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/shells\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684shell.chsh \u547d\u4ee4\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6539\u53d8\u767b\u5f55shell<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/sysconfig\u00a0\/\/\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u76f8\u5173\u76ee\u5f55<br \/>\n<h2><span id=\"proc\">proc \u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\/proc\/cmdline\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u52a0\u8f7d kernel \u65f6\u6240\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\uff01\u67e5\u9605\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u52a8\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/cpuinfo\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u672c\u673a\u7684 CPU \u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u8baf\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u65f6\u8109\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u529f\u80fd\u7b49<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/devices\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5404\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u88c5\u7f6e\u4ee3\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/filesystems\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u76ee\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f57<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/interrupts\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u76ee\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 IRQ \u5206\u914d\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/ioports\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u76ee\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9762\u5404\u4e2a\u88c5\u7f6e\u6240\u914d\u7f6e\u7684 I\/O \u4f4d\u5740<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/kcore\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/loadavg\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97 top \u4ee5\u53ca uptime \u5427\uff0c\u4e0a\u5934\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6b64<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/meminfo\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u4f7f\u7528 free \u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u8baf<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/modules\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Linux \u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u6210\u662f\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/mounts\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528 mount \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u547c\u53eb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5566<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/swaps\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/partitions\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u4f7f\u7528 fdisk -l \u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684 partition<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/pci\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u5728 PCI \u6c47\u6d41\u6392\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u60c5\u51b5\uff01\u53ef\u7528 lspci \u6765\u67e5\u9605<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/uptime\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u5c31\u662f\u7528 uptime \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u5566<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/version\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528 uname -a \u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5566<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\/bus\/*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\/\/\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c47\u6d41\u6392\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709 U\u76d8 \u7684\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e5f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6b64<br \/>\n<h2><span id=\"usr\">usr \u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc. \/usr \u91cc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u81eaLinux distribution\uff1b\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u897f\u5728\/usr\/local 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